L-Carnosine

Reference

P. J. Quinn, A. A. Boldyrev, V. E. Formazuyk, Carnosine: Its properties, functions and potential therapeutic applications, Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 1992, vol. 13, pp. 379-444 https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1038/carnosine G. M. Halpern, Zinc-Carnosine: Nature’s Safe and Effective Remedy for Ulcers, 2005, ISBN-10 0757002749

benefits

L-Carnosine is a strong anti-glycosylation, free radical scavenging,anti-oxidant,anti-aging, anti-pollution.Brightenand repairthe skin. white powder.Its recommended dosage is 0.05~2%.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 48, p. 392, 1983 DOI: 10.1021/jo00151a026

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Biochem/physiol Actions

L-Carosine is a dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in brain, muscle and the lens of the eye. In model systems it is a potent antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and transition metal ions. It blocks protein-protein and protein-DNA cross-links induced by hypochlorite anions and toxic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and malondialdehyde, the primary product of lipid peroxidation. It also inhibits nonenzymatic protein glycation induced by aldose and ketose reducing sugars and inhibits the formation of toxic advanced glycation end products (AGE). These activities make it of interest in studies of aging, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer′s disease, and the secondary effects of diabetes.

Safety Profile

Mildly toxic by intraperitoneal route. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Purification Methods

Likely impurities are histidine and β-alanine. Crystallise L-carnosine from water by adding EtOH in excess. Recrystallise it from aqueous EtOH by slow addition of EtOH to a strong aqueous solution of the dipeptide. Its solubility in H2O is 33.3% at 25o. [Vinick & Jung J Org Chem 48 392 1983, Turner J Am Chem Soc 75 2388 1953, Sifford & du Vigneaud J Biol Chem 108 753 1935, Beilstein 25 H 516, 25 I 717, 25 II 408.]

Chemical Composition and Structure

Carnosine, also known as β-alanyl-L-histidine, is a dipeptide composed of the amino acids β-alanine and L-histidine. It is characterized by its low molecular weight and hydrophilic nature.

Sources

Carnosine is found endogenously in body tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle, where its concentration is higher than in any other tissue. It is also present in other excitable tissues.
Carnosine can be synthesized in the body when histidine and β-alanine are combined in the presence of carnosine synthase. It can also be obtained from dietary sources or produced through chemical synthesis for use in supplements and pharmaceuticals.

Definition

ChEBI: A dipeptide that is the N-(beta-alanyl) derivative of L-histidine.